The “Comprehensive Research and Digitization Project on Hwaje(畵題) of East Asian Painting” project aims to comprehensively collect, organize, classify, compile and interpret hwaje of literary records and paintings of East Asia, as well as to establish a comprehensive database. Hwaje(Kr.) is known as huati in China and gadai in Japan, and it refers to a title, topic, theme, or subject matter of a painting. The term first appeared as titles in paintings, but later on came to encompass critiques, themes, and many other aspects of paintings. Later, hwaje was repeated, became stereotypes, and represented topics that visualized particular iconographies. As a result, in East Asian paintings, hwaje gradually became the most fundamental painting language resonating with the objectives and intentions of an artist. (이하 생략)

강관식 Kang, Kwan-sik, 『조선후기 궁중화원연구 Joseon Hugi Kungjung Hwawon Yeongu』, 서울:돌베개 Seoul: Tolbegae, 2001. 吳世昌 編 ed. O, Se-ch'ang, 『(국역)근역서화징 (Kugyok)Kunyok Sohwaching』, 서울: 시공사Seoul: Sigongsa, 1998. 秦弘燮 Chin, Hong-sop, 『韓國美術史資料集成 Hanguk Misulsa Charyo Chipsong』, 서울: 일지사 Seoul: Ilchisa, 1996-2002. 『日本美術全集 Nihon Bijutsu Zensh.』, 東京: 小學館 T.ky.: Sh.gakkan, 2016. 『日本美術繪畵全集 Nihon Bijutsu Kaiga Zensh.』, 東京: 集英社 T.ky.: Sh.eisha, 1976-1980.